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Bland-White-Garland syndrome

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A syndrome of left ventricular failure, congenital or occurring shortly after birth. A heart-vascular malformation in which the left coronary artery starts from the arteria pulmonalis and not from the aorta. The symptoms include failure to thrive, dyspnoea, tachypnea, precordial pain, sweating, pallor, and crying after feeding and exertion.

If untreated, death is likely in childhood or adolescence. Occurrence is ca 1 in 3 000 newborn. First described by Aleksei Ivanovich Abrikosov (1875-1955) in 1911. Bland and associates in 1933 were the first to suggest this diagnosis as a clinical probability. Aetiology unknown.

Bibliography

  • H. St. Brooks, Jr:
    Two cases of an abnormal coronary artery of the heart arising from the pulmonary artery.
    Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, London, 1885, 20: 26-29.
  • A. I. Abrikossoff:
    Aneurysma des linken Herzventrikels mit abnormer Abgangsstelle der linken Koronararterie von der Pulmonalis bei einem funsonatlichen Kinde.
    Virchows Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin, Berlin, 1911, 203: 413-420.
  • E. F. Bland, P. D. White, J. Garland:
    Congenital anomalies of coronary arteries. Report of unusual case associated with cardiac hypertrophy.
    American Heart Journal, St. Louis, 1932-1933, 8: 787-801.

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