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A. G. Maurice Raynaud
French physician, born August 10, 1834; died June 29, 1881.
Associated eponyms:
Raynaud's disease
A peripheral vascular disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by abnormal vasoconstriction of the extremities upon exposure to cold or emotional stress.
Raynaud's gangrene
Symmetrical gangrene of the extremities.
Raynaud's phenomenon
Episodes of constriction of small arteries or arterioles (or both) of extremities, with sequential changes in colour of the skin, pallor, cyanosis, usually following exposure to cold.
Raynaud's sign
A condition marked by symmetrical cyanosis of the extremities with persistent, uneven, mottled blue or red discoloration of the skin of the digits, wrists, and ankles and with profuse sweating and coldness of the fingers and toes.
Biography:
Maurice Raynaud was the son of a university professor. He commenced his medical studies at the University of Paris with the help of his uncle, the well known Paris physician Ange-Gabriel-Maxime Vernois (1809-1877), and obtained his medical doctorate in 1862. He thus became one of the select few who have achieved eponymous fame with their doctoral dissertation. He became Dr. des lettres with the article "Asclepiades of Bathynia, doctor and philosopher", and the book "Medicine in Molière’s time".
Raynaud never received a senior position at any of the Paris hospitals, but became Médecine des hôpitaux in 1865. At various occasions he was attached to the hospitals Hôtel Dieu, Laboisière, and Charité. In 1866 he became agrégé at the faculty with the works Sur les hyperhémies non phlegmasiques and De la revulsion.
He was made an officer of the Légion d’honneur in 1871 and elected to the Académie de médecine in 1879, and lectured with great success at the university as well as the Hôpital Lariboisière and the Charité.
Raynaud always wanted to hold a chair of medical history in Paris,, but died on June 29, 1881, in his prime, shortly before the international medical congress in London that year. At the time he had been suffering for several years from cardiac disease. His address, Scepticism in Medicine, Past and Present, was read by one of his colleagues.
Raynaud was an excellent teacher and fine clinician. He was also a busy writer. His book Sur la salive d'un enfant mort de la rage was the result of research done with Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) and Odilon Marc Lannelongue (1840-1911).
Bibliography:
- De l’asphyxie locale et de la gangrène symétrique des extrémités.
Doctoral thesis, published February 25, 1862.
Paris, Rignoux. L. Leclerc, Libraire-Éditeur. Also, Paris, Rignoux, 1867: 15-20.
English translation by Thomas Barlow (1845-1945) in Selected Monographs, New Sydenham Society, London 1888: 1-199.
- Sur les hyperémies non phlegmasiques, and De la révulsion.
Theses for agrégé, 1866.
- Nouvelles recherches sur la nature et le traitement de l’asphyxie locale des extrémités. Archives générales de médecine, Paris, 1874, 1: 5-21 and 189-206.
- Sur l’infection et l’immunité vaccinales. Lecture at the Académie de médecine.
- Sur le traitement du rhumatisme cérébral par les bains froids.
- Sur la salive d’un enfant mort de la rage.
On the results of investigations made in collaboration with Pasteur and Lannelongue.
Theses for Dr. ès lettres:
De Asclepiade, Bithyno medico ac philosopho, and
Les médecins au temps de Molière.
Asclepiades of Bathynia, doctor and philosopher, and Medicine in Molière’s time.
Raynaud also published Germain Sée's (1818-1896) Leçons de pathologie expérimentale . . . rec. par le Dr. Maur. Raynaud. 1866.
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