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Emile Charles Achard
French internist, born July 24, 1860, Paris; died 1944.
Associated eponyms:
Achard's syndrome
A heritable disorder of connective tissue, characterized mainly by brachycephaly, arachnodactyly, widespread dysostoses, receding lower jaw, and joint laxity of the hands and feet.
Achard-Castaigne test
A simple clinical test using methylene blue for examining the excretion function of the kidneys.
Achard-Thiers syndrome
A disorder mainly affecting postmenopausal women, marked by diabetes mellitus and hirsutims, deep masculine voice, facial hypertrichosis, obesity, hypertrophy of the clitoris, and hypoplasia or adenoma of the adrenal cortex.
Biography:
Emile Charles Achard studied in Paris and was conferred doctor of medicine in Paris in 1887. In 1893 he became Médecin des Hôpitaux, in 1895 agrégé. He was appointed professor of general pathology and therapeutics and from 1910 worked as professor of internal medicine at the University of Paris, Hôpital Beaujon. He was also attached to the Cochin hospital.
Achard in 1896, with Raoul Bensaude (1866-1938), described paratyphoid fever and isolated the bacillus paratyfus, now classified as Salmonella paratyphi B. He coined the term paratyphoid fever and introduced one of the first tests of renal function, based on time of appearance of dyes in urine after injection.
Among his many literary topics were encephalitis lethargica and edema in Bright’s disease.
With Georges Maurice Debove (1845-1920) and Joseph Castaigne he wrote Manuel des maladies du tube digestif (Paris, 1907).
Bibliography:
Written with Georges Maurice Debove: - Manuel de médecine. Paris, 1892-1897.
- Manuel de diagnostic médicale. Paris, 1899-1900.
- Manuel de thérapeutique médicale. Paris, 1900-1902.
- Nouveaux procédés d’exploration.
Paris, 1902. 2nd edition, 1903. Translated into Russian.
- Le rôle du sel en pathologie et en thérapeutique.
Paris, 1904.
Other works:
- Arachnodactylie.
Bulletins et mémoires de la Société medicale des hôpitaux de Paris, 1902, 19: 834-840.
- Précis d’anatomie pathologique.
Written with Maurice Loeper (1875-1961). Paris, 1908.
- Thérapeutique urinaire. Paris, 1910.
Written with Henri Marion and Georges Paisseau (1876-).
- Le rôle de l’urée en pathologie. Paris, 1912.
- Le premier livre de médecine; élements de pathologie générale à l’usage des candidats au premier examen de médecine.
2nd edition; Paris, Baillière, 1920. 351 pages.
- L’encéphalite léthargique. Paris, 1921.
- Clinique médicale de l’hôpital Beaujoun.
Paris, 1923, 1925, 1925.
- Troubles de échanges nutritifs. Paris, 1926.
- Maladies typhoides. Paris, 1929.
- Oedème brightique. Paris, 1929.
- La confession d’un viel homme du siècle; souvenirs du temps et de l’espace. Paris, Mercure France, 1943.
- Le professeur Léon Thoinot; 13 octobre 1858-30 avril 1915.
Written with Ernest Mosny (1861-1918) et al. Toulouse, Private (1915?). 430 p.
- V. H. Hutinel E. C. Achard, et al:
Discours prononcés le décembre 1928 l’occasion de la remise de la médaille du professeur Ed. Jeanselme.
Paris, 1929. [Antoine Edouard Jeanselme, 1858-1935]
- E. Faral, E. C. Achard, et al:
Jubilé scientifique de M. Justin Jolly. Paris, 1942.
- Achard and Castaigne:
Diagnostic de la perméabilité rénale.
Bulletins et mémoires de la Société medicale des hôpitaux de Paris, 1897, 14: 637-651.
- Achard and Castaigne:
L'examen clinique des fonctions rénales par l'élimination provoquée. Paris 1900.
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