Cogan's syndrome II

A form of 3rd nerve (oculomotor) apraxia observed only in children. The affected child is unable to move the eyes voluntarily in a horizontal plane and has difficulty in following moving objects. It therefore attempts to compensate by also turning the head toward the object whereupon the vestibular reflex causes the eyes to deviate even further from the object. Further turning of the head results in overshooting the object, but by means of compensatory, jerky, spasmodic movements, fixation of gaze is accomplished. The whole manoeuvre requires less than a second. Prevalent in males and presumably congenital Inheritance is autosomal recessive. It is extremely rare, Cogan observed only four cases in 11 years.

• D. G. Cogan:
  Neurology of the Ocular Muscles. 1948. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas 1956.
• D. G. Cogan:
  A type of congenital ocular motor apraxia presenting jerky head movements.
  Jackson Memorial Lecture. Transactions of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology, Rochester, 1952, 56: 853-862.
• D. G. Cogan:
  A type of congenital ocular motor apraxia presenting jerky head movements.
  American Journal of Ophthalmology, Chicago, 1953, 36: 433-441.
• D. G. Cogan and R. D. Adams:
  A type of paralysis of conjugate gaze (ocular motor apraxia).
  Archives of Ophthalmology, Chicago, 1953, 50 : 434.
• D. G. Cogan and R. D. Adams:
  Letter to the Editor: Balint's Syndrome and Ocular Motor Apraxia.
  AMA. Archives of Ophthalmology, Chicago, 1955, 53: 758
• D. G. Cogan:
  Neurology of the Visual System. 1966.
• D. G. Cogan:
  Congenital ocular motor apraxia.
  The Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, 1966, 1: 253-260.
• R. Sachs:
  Apraxie oculo-motrice congénitale de Cogan. À propos de trois nouveaux cas dont deux dans la même fratrie.
  Annales d'oculistique, Paris, 1967, 200: 266-274. Sachs reported affected siblings with consanguineous parents.
• F. Vassella, J. Lutschg, M. Mumenthaler:
  Cogan's congenital ocular motor apraxia in 2 successive generations.
  Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, London, 1972, 14: 788-803.
• D. G. Cogan:
  Ophthalmic Manifestations of Systemic Vascular Disease. 1974.
• D. G. Cogan, F. C. Chu, D. Reingold and L. Tycheson:
  A long term follow up of Congenital ocular motor apraxia - a case report.
  Neuro-Ophthalmology, Amsterdam, 1980, 1: 145-147.
• D. G. Cogan, F. C. Chu, D. Reingold and J. Barranger:
  Ocular motor signs in some metabolic diseases.
  Archives of Ophthalmology, Chicago, October 1981, 99 (10): 1802-1808.
• J. H. Calhoun, R. D. Reinecke and D. G. Cogan:
  Asymmetry in congenital ocular motor apraxia.
  The Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, December 1988, 23 (7): 318-321.
• R. A. Catalano, J. H. Calhoun, R. D. Reinecke and D. G. Cogan:
  Asymmetry in congenital ocular motor apraxia.
  The Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, December 1988, 23 (7): 318-21.