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Westphal-Pilcz sign
Also known as:
Gifford-Galassi reflex
Pilcz' sign
Pilcz' reflex
Piltz sign/reflex
Piltz-Westphal phenomenon
Westphal-Piltz syndrome
Associated persons:
Unknown Galassi
Harold Gifford
Jan Pilcz
Alexander Karl Otto Westphal
Description:
Constriction of both pupils when an effort is made to close eyelids forcibly held apart. This type of pupillary reaction has been referred to as a syndrome inasmuch as the pupillary behaviour was originally considered to be characteristic of a neurosis or psychosis. Described by Galassi in 1887.
Bibliography:
- A. K. O. Westphal:
Über ein bisher nicht beschriebenes Pupillephänomen.
Neurologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig, 1899, 18: 161-164.
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 1913, 38: 1769.
- J. Piltz:
In: Neurologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig, 1899, 18: 248.
Weitere Mitteilungen über die beim energischen Lidschluss stattfindende Pupillenveränderung.
Neurologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig, 1900, 19: 837-848.
Das vagotonische Pupillenphänomen, von Somogui.
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1913, NR 33.
Neurologisches Zentralblatt, Leipzig, 1914, 33: 1124.
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