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Wernicke's disease
Also known as:
Gayet's disease
Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy
Gayet-Wernicke haemorrhagic encephalitis
Gayet-Wernicke syndrome
Wernicke's disease
Wernicke's encephalopathic syndrome
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Wernicke's syndrome
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Associated persons:
Charles Jules Alphonse Gayet
Sergei Sergeievich Korsakoff
Carl Wernicke
Description:
An encephalopathy syndrome characterized by mental and ocular disorders, and ataxia. Mental disturbances include listlessness, disorientation, confusion, hallucinations, Korsakoff psychosis, and other behavioural symptoms. Ocular disorders are oculomotor paralysis, chiefly of the external recti, conjugate paralysis, and horizontal and vertigal nystagmus. The ataxia affects stance and gait. Other common features are nutritional deficiency, skin changes, redness of the tongue, cheilosis, liver diseases, cardiovascular complications and hypothermia. The symptoms usually have a sudden onset and occur singly or in various combinations. The term Gayet disease applies to the type in which lesions are more extensive than those in the Wernicke type. The disturbance is primarily due to thiamine deficiency secondary to alcoholism and/or starvation. It usually occurs in alcoholic patients, but in the Orient it has been observed in infants and adults with beriberi. Korsakoff's psychosis is the psychiatric manifestation of Wernicke's disease.
Bibliography:
- C. J. A. Gayet:
Affection encéphalique (encéphalite diffuse probable). Localisée aux étages superieurs des pédoncles cérébraux et aux couches optiques, ainsi qu’ou plancher due quatrième ventricule et aux parois laterales du troisième. Observation recueillie.
Archives de physiologie normale et pathologique, Paris, 1875, 2,2: 341-351.
- K. Wernicke:
Die acute, hämorrhagische Polioencephalitis superior.
In his: Lehrbuch der Gehirnkrankheiten; Kassel, Fischer, and Berlin, 1881, 22: 229-242.
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