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Carl Wilhelm Boeck

Born  1808
Died  1875

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Norwegian physician, born December 15, 1808, Kongsberg; died December 10, 1875, Christiania (Oslo).

Biography of Carl Wilhelm Boeck

Carl Wilhelm Boeck was born in the mining town of Kongsberg to a family with its roots in Flanders. His mother died in childbed and he grew up with his grandmother. After attending Christiania Kathedralskole and Møllers Institut he studied medicine in Christiania, graduating on October 12, 1831. He then worked in various small communities in Norway before he went on a scientific journey to Sweden, Denmark and Germany. From 1833 to 1846 he was a physician in Kongsberg, and from 1845 represented this community in Parliament (Stortinget). In 1846 he became a lecturer with teaching duties in surgery, diseases of the skin, and syphilis at the Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet in Christiania (University of Oslo), and in 1851 he was appointed full professor of medicine, now also lecturing on fractures and luxations. Upon retiring from his tenure in 1869, he visited America to study the prevalence of lepra among Norwegian immigrants. From 1874 he worked in the skin department of Rikshospitalet – Norway's national research hospital – but died of pernicious anaemia already in December the following year.

From 1850 Boeck had his own skin clinic where he began treating syphilis with syphilisation in 1852. This method is a form of vaccination against syphilis. It consisted in repeated cutaneous inoculations of secrete from soft chancre (which was believed to be the same disease), until inoculation caused no further reaction. This concept of vaccine therapy for syphilis originated with Joseph Alexandre Auzias-Turenne (1812-1870), who first attempted this method on animals, particularly monkeys, in 1844. Auzias-Turenne was never allowed to try his method on humans in a French hospital but died still firmly believing in syphilisation. However, Auzias-Turenne's clinical studies probably influenced Louis Pasteur's (1822-1895) successful rabies post exposure vaccine trials. Another proponent of syphilisation was Casimiro Sperino (1812-1894) in Torino, who practised the method from about 1850.

Boeck was the staunchest advocate of this treatment,in five languages, until his death.

Bibliography

    Works on syphilisation by others:
  • Joseph Alexandre Auzias-Turenne:
    La syphilization. Publication de l'oeuvre du docteur Auzias-Turenne, faite par les soins de ses amis. Syphilisation, Syphilis, Vaccine; sur les maladies virulentes; variétés. Posthumous, Paris, 1978.
  • Casimiro Sperino:
    Mémoire sur le vote adopté par l'Académie de médecine de Paris . . . contre la pratique de la syphilisation etc. Torino, 1852.
  • La sifilizzazione studiata qual mezzo curativo e preservativo delle malattie veneree. Torino, 1853. Works by Carl Wilhelm Boeck:
  • Om den tilbageblevne efterbyrd. Eyr, 1833, VIII: 301-323.
  • Omskjærelsen. Eyr, 1833, IX: 114-120.
  • Om en mærkelig Degeneration af Ovarium. Eyr, 1833, X: 305-307.
  • Partus praematurus artificialis paa Grund af Hydrothorax hos Konen..
    Eyr, 1837, XI: 141-149:
  • Partus praematurus artificialis paa Grund af for snævert Bækken.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (1st series), 1840, I: 127-133.
  • Medfødt Amaurose helbredet med Moxæ.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (1st series), 1840, 1: 265-258.
  • En mærkelig Hudsygdom, med Afbildn.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (1st series), 1841, III: 61-62.
  • Om den spedalske sygdom.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (1ste Række), 1842, IV: 1-73 og 127-216.
    Also published in offprint the same year.
  • Medicinalneretning for 1841.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842, I: 39-40.
  • Bidrag til Kundskab om Medicinalvæsenets Tisltand i Grækenland.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842: 99-101.
  • Et Tilfælde af Elephantiasis Arabum.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842: 195-196.
  • Om en ny Art af Ichtyosis med Afbildn.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842: 245-249.
  • Correspondance fra Kongsberg.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842: 274-276.
  • Om Mangel af Iris, Irideremia.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842: 307-311.
    German translation in Zeitschrift der k..k. Gesellschaft der Aerzte in Wien, (1855).
  • Om resultatet af de af Forf. foretagne Tenotomier.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1842: 325-330.
  • Om den spedalske Sygdom. Elephantiasis Graecorum.
    Christiania, 1842. 162 pages.
  • Om Æggehvide i Urinen.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1843: 41-43.
  • Medicinalberetning for 1842.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1843: 53-55.
  • Om Blepharoplastik, med 4 Fig.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1843: 57-59.
  • Melanosis cutanea.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1843: 145-147.
  • Decoloration af Huden.
    Ugeskrift for Medicin og Pharmacie, 1843: 308-340.
  • Une nouvelle forme de la gale.
    Annales des maladies de la peau et de la syphilis. IV: 122.
  • Om Spedalskhed. Written with D. C. Danielssen.
    Published with government support. Christiania, 1847. 516 pages; with Atlas.
    French translation:
    Traité de la Spédalskhed ou Éléphantiasis des Grecs par D. et B. Traduit du Norwégien sous les yeyx de Mr. Danielssen par L. A. Gosson (de Nogaret) avec un atlas de 24 pl. color.
    Paris, 1848. 535 pages.
  • Syphilisationsforsøg.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, 1853, VII: 513-527 and 585-617.
    Also in offprint, Christiania, 1853.
  • Syphilisationsforsøg (foretagne af Professor W. Boeck).
    Christiania: Det medicinske Selskap i Christiania; 1853. 48 pages with 1 plate.
    Offprint from Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben.
  • Syphilisationen, studeret ved sygesengen.
    University teaching program. Christiania, 1854.

  • Recheches cliniques sur la syphilisation.
    Revue medicochirugicale de Paris, August 1854.
  • Die Syphilisation bei Kindern. Christiania: Feilberg & Landmark; 1856. 54 pages.
    French translation:
  • De la syphilisation appliqué aux enfants, traduit de l'Allemand par I. A. Hagen. Paris, 1856.
  • Samling af Iagttagelser om Hudens Sygdomme ved C. W. Boeck og D. C. Danielssen.
    Written with Daniel Cornelius Danielssen.
    Also with French text: Recueil d'observations sur les maladies de la peau. Christiania, 1855-1862.
    Large folio with 13 litographs and colour plates, with text in Norweggian and French.
  • Om Syphilisationen. In: Forhandlinger ved de skandinaviske naturforskeres syvende møde i Christiania den 12-18 juli 1856. Christiania: Carl C Werner & comp 1857, s. 377-386.
  • Syphilisationen som Curmethode.
    Christiania, 1857. 142 pages. Translated into German.
  • Fortsatte Observationer om Syphilisationen.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben. 1859, 13: 545.
  • De la Syphilisation. État actuel & statistique. Christiania: H J Jensen, 1860. 72 pages.
  • Traité de la Radesyge. (Syphilis tertiaire). Christiania, 1860.
  • Statistiske meddelelser om syphilisationen. In: Forhandlinger ved de skandinaviske naturforskeres 8de møde i Kjøbenhavn 1860. Kjøbenhavn 1861, page 149-158.
  • Recherches sur la syphilis, appuyées de tableaux de statistique, tirés des archives des hôpitaux de Christiania : ouvrage publie aux frais de gouvernement..
    Christiania: Imprime chez H.J.Jensen; 1862. 509 pages.
  • Om Skudsaar efter Velpeau.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (2nd series), III: 35-46, 119-126.
    (Alfred Armand Louis Marie Velpeau, French surgeon, 1795-1867)
  • Anmeldelse af Schleisners hygieniske Skrift om Island.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (2den Række), IV: 615-661.
    (Peter Anton Schleisner, Danish hygienist, 1818-1900)
  • Om Iodinjectioner i Peritonæalhulheden.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (2nd series), IV: 681-708.
  • Anmeldelse af Esmark's "Ueber Resectionen und Schusswunden".
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, V: 817-831.
    (Johannes Friedrich August von Esmarck, Germanm surgeon, 1823-1908)
  • Klinik over Hudsygdommene og de syphilitiske Sygdomme.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VI: 94-124, 273-330.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VII: 192-236, 449-486, 808-833.
  • Om Behandlingen af Aneurisma ved Compression.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben (2den Række), VI: 184-192.
  • Om Contagiositeten af den secundære Syphilis.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VI: 565-578.
  • Herniotomi uden at aabne Broksækken.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VI: 580-584.
  • Fistula vesico-vaginalis.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VI: 673-693.
    Also in Zeitschrift der k. k. Gesellschaft der Aerzte in Wien.
  • Syphilisationen (den shistorie).
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VI: 708-730.
  • Om Choleraens Udbredelsesmaade.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VIII: 602-604, 611-617, 677-681, 765-768.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, X: 323-339.
  • Fortsatte Observationer om Syphilisationen.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, VIII: 545-562.
  • Relevé statistique des syphilisations pratiquées dans les hôpitaux de Christiania.
    Gazette des hôpitaux, Paris, 1861, No. 17.
  • Manière d'appliquer la syphilisation dans les hôpitaux de Christiania.
    Gazette des hôpitaux, Paris, 1861, No. 20.
  • Note sur la syphilisation. Gazette des hôpitaux, Paris, 1861, No. 83.
  • De l'unité du cirus chancreux démontré par la syphilisation.
    Gazette des hôpitaux, Paris, 1864, No. 6.
  • Notitser fra et Ophold i London i 1865.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, XX: 445-448.
  • Notitser fra Fistelhospitalet i London.
    Norsk Magazin for Lægevidenskaben, 2nd series, XX: 474-475.
  • Forelæsning over Syphilisationen i Meath-Hospital i Dublin.
    Medical Times and Gazette, London, 1865, June 8th.
  • Polemik mod Dr. Henry Lee i London i Anledning af en engelsk Patient med tertiær Syphilis, helbredet af W. Boeck med Syphilisation.
    British Medical Journal, 1865, No. 222 og 224.
    Referring to Henry Lee (1817-1898).
  • On Syphilisation.
    Medical Times and Gazette, London, November 1865.
  • On Syphilisation. The Lancet, London, September and November 1865,
  • Über syphilitische Infectionsweisen und der Inoculabilität der syphilitische Virus.
    Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, Berlin, 1. Jahrg. 1869: 168-180.
  • On Syphilisation. American Journal of Syphilography and Dermatology, New York, 1870, 1 (January): 7-17.
  • Prostitution in relation to national health. American Journal of Syphilography and Dermatology, New York, 1870, 2 (April): 130-136.
  • Remarks on Syphilization.
    The American Medical Gazette, volume IV, 14: 160-162.
  • Spedalskheden i de forenede stater i Nord-Amerika.
    Nordiskt medicinskt Arkiv III, 1871, 1: 1-29.
  • Bidrag til Kundskaben om det syphilitiske Gifts Egenskaber.
    Med Axel Christen Scheel (1837-1900). Nordiskt medicinskt Arkiv, 1871, 28: 1-7.
  • Die Eigenschaften der syphilitische Virus. With Axel Scheel.
    Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis, Berlin, 1872, IV: 473-492.
  • Undersøgelser angaaende Syphilis. Christiania, 1875. 292 pages.
    A continuation of Recherches sur la syphilis . . . (1862).
  • Erfaringer om Syphilis. Christiania: Cammermeyer; 1875.
  • Erfahrungen über Syphilis. Stuttgart 1875. 282 pages.
  • August Hirsch, publisher:
    Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragenden Ärzte aller Zeiten und Völker.
    Volume 1, page 588. Urban & Schwarzenberg. 2nd edition. Berlin, 1929.
  • Jeremy M. Norman, editor:
    Morton’s Medical Bibliography. An annotated Check-list of Texts Illustrating the History of Medicine (Garrison and Morton).
    Fifth edition. Scolar Press, 1991.
  • Øivind Larsen, editor:
    Norges leger. Volume 1, pp. 376-380. Den norske lægeforening. Oslo, 1996.

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