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Étienne Jacques Marie Raymond Céstan
French neurologist, born April 6, 1872, Gaillac, département de Tarn; died 1934.
Associated eponyms:
Céstan-Chenais syndrome
A brain stem syndrome that is a clinical combination of Wallenberg’s or Avellis' syndrome and Babinski-Nageotte’s syndrome.
Emery-Dreifuss syndrome
A slowly progressive muscular dystrophy with onset in childhood, mainly characterised by contractures of the elbow, ankle, and spine.
Raymon-Céstan syndrome
Tumour of the cerebral peduncles causing speech disorders, paralysis of lateral conjugate gaze, etc.
Biography:
Étienne Jacques Marie Raymond Céstan was born in Gaillac, the son of a doctor who had been a student with Trousseau. Cestan studied at the medical faculty in Paris from 1892, and became interne des hôpitaux and student of Édouard Brissaud (1852-1909) at the Salpêtrière. He received his doctorate in 1899.
An incident that must have influenced his particular field of interest, was when he one day spied a gong which he struck and the sound reverberated through the distant wards of the hospital, and one old pensioner, who ha been one of Jean-Martin Charcot’s (1825-1893) original performers on his Tuesday rounds, went into hysterical trance.
Directed by Joseph Babinski (1857-1932), he was interested in organic lesions such as congenital spastic paralysis, which he studied with Désiré-Magloire Bourneville (1840-1909) at the Bicêtre, and hemiplegia. He received his doctorate in Paris in 1899 with the thesis Le syndrome de Little, and that year Raymond chose him as his chef de clinique - at the Salpêtrière, and in 1902 put him in charge of the histopathology laboratory. He was the first person to describe a neurofibrosarcoma as well as the syndrome that bears his name.
Cestan was appointed agrégé in1904, but his brother asked him to return to Toulouse. In 1913 he was appointed to the chair of psychiatry and in that capacity studied the formation of the cerebrospinal fluid and the effects of intra-ventricular injection. Unfortunately Cestan suffered a sudden onset of nominal aphasia and had a distressing illness for almost one year before he died peacefully in his sleep.
Bibliography:
Les épilepsies. Paris, 1922.
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