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Constantin von Economo
Romanian-Austrian neurologist, born August 21, 1876, Braila, Romania; died 1931.
His full name is Constantin Alexander Economo Freiherr von San Serff
Associated eponyms:
Economo's disease
A disease of the central nervous system marked mainly by pronounced somnolence (lethargy), myalgias, fever, stupor, ophthalmoplegia, and paresis.
Biography:
Constantin Alexander Economo Freiherr von San Serff was born in Braila, Romania, of wealthy aristocratic Greek parents. When he was one year old his family settled in Austrian Trieste, where he was brought up. Inspired by Cesare Lombroso's (1835-1909) Genius and Insanity (1864) he wanted to study medicine, but after his graduation from the Trieste Gymnasium in 1893, his father forced him to study engineering. However, after two years he was allowed to change to medicine. Before he obtained his doctorate at Vienna in 1901 he was as student demonstrator at the Histological Institute of Anton Gilbert Victor Ebner Ritter von Rosenstein (1842-1925) and also worked as an assistant in the physiological Institute of Siegmund Exner (1846-1926).
Following graduation he spent one year in specialist training under Carl Wilhelm Hermann Nothnagel (1841-1905) at the university clinic in Vienna, then went to Paris where he worked for a year in psychiatry with Valentin Jacques Joseph Magnan (1835-1916) and in neurology with Pierre Marie (1853-1940). He visited Albrecht Bethe (1872-1954) – the father of Hans Albrecht Bethe, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in physics – in Strassburg, and Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926) in Munich.
In 1906 he returned to the psychiatric clinic of Julius Wagner von Jauregg (1857-1940) and became his assistant. He also became a balloon pilot and, in 1908, one of the first Austrian airplane pilots. Being the holder of a field pilot certificate, he served as a pilot on the South Tyrol front during World War I, receiving several distinctions. In 1916 he was ordered back to Vienna to treat brain injuries in the clinic of Wagner von Jauregg and commenced his studies of encephalitis
Constantin von Economo became associate professor of psychiatry and neurology in 1913, and in 1921 titular professor extraordinary. In 1920 he married a daughter of the Austrian general, Prince Alois von Schönburg-Hartenstein. In 1928 he turned down an offer to succeed Wagner-Jauregg as director of the Vienna Psychiatric and Neurological Clinic because he preferred to pursue his research work unhampered by administrative duties.
In 1931 he became director of the newly organised brain research institute in connection with the psychiatric clinic, but died suddenly of heart disease - presumably a coronary, only few months after the institute had been founded.
Constantin von Economo published 27 papers; including a book, on encephalitis lethargica.
Bibliography:
- Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen.
With Georg N. Koskinas. 1 volume and atlas. Wien & Berlin, Springer1925.
Translated into Italian.
Abridged English translation by Dr. S. Parker:
The cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex.
London: Humphrey Milford; Oxford University Press, 1929. xii + 186 pages.
- Die Pathologie des Schlafes. Handbuch der normalen und und pathologischen Physiologie, volume 17, Berlin, 1926.
- Zellaufbau der Grosshirnrinde des Menschen : zehn Vorlesungen.
Berlin, Verlag von Julius Springer, 1927. 145 pages. 148 pages.
- Die Encephalitis lethargica, ihre Nachkrankheiten und ihre Behandlung.
Berlin and Vienna, Urban und Schwarzenberg, 1929.
English edition:
Encephalitis lethargica : its sequelae and treatment / by Constantin von Economo ; translated and adapted by K. O. Newman. London : Oxford University Press, 1931. xiv + 200 pages.
- Der Zellaufbau der Grosshirnrinde und die progressive Cerebration.
Ergebnisse der Physiologie, Berlin, 1929, 29: 83-128.
- Schlaftheorie. Ergebnisse der Physiologie, Berlin, 1929, 28: 312-339.
- Der Schlaf als Lokalisationsproblem.
In David Sarason: Der Schlaf. Mitteilungen und Stellungnahme zum derzeitigen Stande des Schlafproblems. Munich, 1929. 107. pages.
- Julius Wagner-Jauregg:
Dr. Constantin Baron Economo von San Serff †.
Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1931, 44 (44).
- Baron Constantin von Economo : his life and work / by his wife and by J. von Wagner-Jauregg, translated from the second German edition by Ramsay Spillman.
Burlington, Vermont : Free Press Interstate Printing Corporation, 1937. 126 pages. Contents:
Freifrau Karoline von Economo (born 1892): Biography.
Julius von Wagner-Jauregg: Economo as savant and investigator.
Constantin von Economo:
Sleep as a problem of localization.
Some new methods for studying brains of exceptional people.
Cytoarchitectony and progressive cerebration.
Problems of brain research.
Address commemorating the thirtieth anniversary of the Aero Club.
Translator's postscript.
Bibliography of the scientific works of Constantin von Economo.
We thank Rudolf Kleinert, Bad Reichenhall, Germany, for information submitted.
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