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Sigmund Exner
Austrian physiologist, born April 5, 1846, Vienna; died February 5, 1926.
Associated eponyms:
Call-Exner bodies
Small spaces filled with eosinophilic fluid and basement membrane material. They are pathogonomic of granulosa cell tumour.
Exner's area
An area of the brain just above Broca's area and anterior to the primary motor control area.
Exner's nerve
Nerve from the pharyngeal plexus to the cricothyroid membrane.
Exner's plexus
A plexus of superficial tangential fibres in the plexiform or molecular layer of the cerebral cortex.
Biography:
Sigmund Exner studied in Vienna and Heidelberg under Ernst Wilhelm Ritter von Brücke (1819-1892) and Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894). He received his doctorate on December 23, 1870. From 1871 he was an assistant at the physiological institute at the University of Vienna, becoming professor extraordinary there in 1875. In 1891 he succeeded Ernst von Brücke as professor of physiology and leader of the hygienic institute. In 1894 he was called to the ministry of culture and education, and in 1898 received the title of k. k. Hofrat, while retaining his chair.
Bibliography:
- Leitfaden bei der mikroskopischen Untersuchung thierischer Gewebe.
Zweite, verbesserte Auflage. Leipzig 1878.
- Untersuchungen über die Localisation der Functionen in der Grosshirnrinde des Menschen. Vienna, W. Braumuller, 1881. 180 pages.
- Die Physiologie der facettierten Augen von Krebsen und Insekten. Vienna, 1891.
English translation:
The Physiology of the Compound Eyes of Insects and Crustaceans: A Study.
Springer Verlag, February 1989.
- Entwurf zu einer physiologischen Erklärung der psychischen Erscheinungen.
Vienna, 1894.
Also published in the series “Ostwald Klassiker” by O. Breidbach. Harri Deutsch, Thun, Frankfurt am Main, 1999.
In this work, Siegmund Exner first formulated the concept of a neural network, a concept later used in computer design.
- O. Breidbach:
Bemerkungen zu Exners Physiologie des Fliegens und Schwebens.
In: O. Breidbach: Natur der Ästhetik - Ästhetik der Natur. Volume 1, pp. 221-223. Springer Verlag Wien, 1997.
We thank Rudolf Kleinert, Bad Reichenhall, Germany, for information submitted..
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