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Noël Fiessinger
French anatomist, born December 24, 1881, Thaon-les-Vosges; died January 15, 1946, Paris.
Associated eponyms:
Reiter's disease
A syndrome which in its full blown picture consists of urethritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
A syndrome characterized by severe erythema multiforme-like eruption of the skin and lesions of the oral, genital and anal mucosa, and haemorrhagic crusting on the lips, associated with fever, headache and arthralgia.
Biography:
Noël Fiessinger was descended from a family of Alsatian physicians. He studied at Lyon and Paris, where he received his doctorate in 1908. He became Chef de clinique in Lyon and Paris in 1910, 1920 Médecin des Hôpitaux and professeur agrégé.
The highest responsibilities in the Paris hospitals were entrusted to him. Ha was in charge of the great laboratory of the Hôpital Beaujon, and in 1931 was appointed to the chair of experimental medicine and the renowned chair of clinical medicine at the Hôtel-Dieu, succeeding Francis Rathéry (1877-).
In 1908 Fiessinger elucidated the histogenesis of cirrhosis. This degenerative process of the liver cells is the same whatever the conditions, pathological or otherwise, which determine it. He demonstrated the existence of enzymes in the white cells of the blood, and showed that these cells, according to their type, contain either protease or lipase. The presence of protease accounts for the dissolution of internal blood clots or purulent collections, while lipase weakens the lipidic membrane of the Koch bacilli, thus permitting their attack by the protease-carrying white cells.
World War I turned Fiessinger’s efforts away from this pioneer work in biochemistry. He made major observations in the biology of war wounds, observations gathered under the precarious conditions in the field hospitals, often after severe artillery fire.
After the war Fiessinger revealed himself to be an eminent physiologist. He was among the first to define the principles of functional exploration of an organ, which he applied most successfully to the liver, through such new tests as galactose and Bengal pink dye. Fiessinger’s achievements as a biologist are matched by his many contributions to clinical medicine, especially by his discovery of the Fiessinger-Leroy-Reiter disease, which up to that time was undefined. His influence as a renowned teacher was considerable, and numerous prominent physicians in many countries are his former students.
Bibliography:
- Histogenèse des processus de cirrhose hépatique.
Paris, 1908.
- Les ferments digestifs des leucocytes.
With P. L. Marie. Paris, 1910.
- La cellule hépatique.
Rev. gén d’histol, volume 13. Paris, 1911.
- Les ictères toziques et leur traitement. Paris, 1913.
- Biologie de la plaie de guerre.
With Pierre Delbet (1861-). Paris, 1918.
- Maladies du foie. Paris, 1919.
- Les ferments des leucocytes. Paris, 1923.
- L’exploration fonctionnelle du foie et l’insuffisance hépatique.
Paris, 1925.
- Les grands processus morbides.
Written with Pierre Delbet, Anselme Schwartz (1872-),
P. Mathieu, and Wilmoth. 3rd edition, Paris, 1928.
- Anémies. Paris, 1930.
- Noveaux procédés d’éxploration fonctionnelle du foie.
With H. Walter. Paris, 1934.
- Syndromes et maladies. Paris, 1942.
- Diagnostics difficiles. Paris, 1943.
- Diagnostics biologiques. With H. R. Oliver and M. Herbain. Paris, 1944.
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