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Anatole Marie Émile Chauffard
French internist, born August 22, 1855, Avignon; died November 1, 1932, Paris.
Associated eponyms:
Felty's syndrome
Atypical form of rheumatoid arthritis with fever, splenomegaly and leukopenia and, in some cases, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Adult form of Still's diseaase or syndrome.
Minkowski-Chauffard disease
Congenital haemolytical anaemia presenting with spherocytosis, splenomegaly and varying degrees of anaemia and ikterus.
Still's disease or syndrome
A rare chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease which may cause joint or connective tissue damage and visceral lesions throughout the body.
Troisier-Hanot-Chauffard syndrome
Diabetes mellitus associated with hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver and dark brownish skin pigmentation caused by deposition of excess of melanin or iron pigment, or both, in tissues.
Biography:
Anatole Marie Émile Chauffard's father was Paul-Émil Chauffard (1823-1870), professor at the medical faculty of Paris and his grandfather, Marie Denise Étienne Chauffard (1796-1880) was a well known practitioner in Avignon. He interned at Broussais, was conferred doctor of medicine in 1882 and became Médecin des hôpitaux. He was habilitated in 1886 and in 1907 became professor of internal medicine at the Paris faculty. He worked at the hospitals Cochin and finally Hôpital Saint-Antoine, where he took up a clinical chair in 1911. He was a member of the Académie de Médecine
Chauffard was an exceptional clinician and teacher but was equally at home in general pathology. His major investigative work was in liver disease where he contributed descriptive pathology. He also introduced in France the use of emetine for the treatment of amoebic abscesses and defined the anaphylactic nature of events following rupture of hydatid cysts.
Bibliography:
- Xanthélasma disséminé et symétrique, sans insuffisance hépatique.
Bulletins et memoires de la Société medicale des hôpitaux de Paris, 1889, 3 sér., 6: 412-419.
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